Chu thich:

Anh huong cua tap the de bep anh huong cua ca nhan:    Neu xem lai nhung nghien cuu cu va moi ve xa hoi hoc, tam ly hoc, triet hoc, art, lich su the gioi...ban se nhan ra mot dieu la:

Khi anh huong cua tap the manh hon anh huong cua ca nhan, con nguoi tro nen cau ne, khong co nhung sang kien, tro thanh mot thu thu dong, chua lam viec gi da to ra so hai, lam viec gi cung so that bai, khong dam thu, va lieu linh.  Dien hinh cua tinh trang nay chung ta thuong thay trong nhung nuoc cong san, va trong nhung gia dinh cha me qua muc nghiem khac, lan luot de bep con cai, hay chi trich con cai, ma tuoi tre vi khong du kien thuc va ngon ngu dien dat nen khong sao khang cu lai duoc. Dua tre tro nen mat tu tin, thieu su lieu linh can thiet, khong dam phien luu.    Loai nguoi nay chi biet tuan thu luat phap vi so hai, du cho luat phap co bat cong nhu the nao di nua.  Ngoai ra chung tu dong hoa voi tap the, cu tuong minh la tap the.   Thich chi trich va khong the chiu noi nhung ai khac voi chung, khac voi tap the cua chung. Do la  nhung ke dot nat khong the hoc duoc hang loat nhung bo mon khac biet.

Nguoc lai, neu suc manh cua ca nhan vuot qua xa ra khoi suc anh huong cua tap the (cha me nuong chieu con cai mot cach qua lo, vo ly), nhu o My,  ca nhan tro len lieu linh, dam me,  nhieu sang kien, nhung cung lam nhung chuyen ky quai, doi khi vo cung ghom ghiec, va thuong coi thuong luat phap vi khong luong truoc duoc hau qua.  Nhung ca nhan nay cu tuong la minh hoan toan, so mot, khong can phai hoc hoi gi them, rat kieu cang va hom hinh.  Chung rat lieu linh. Lieu linh la dieu rat can cho kinh doanh va dam me la dieu quan trong nhat cho phat trien.  Cam hung lam viec khong phai luc nao cung co   va cam hung cung rat de dang bien mat.  Nang luc lam viec la dieu dau tien cua thien tai.  Tuy nhien loai nay chung ta thuong thay rat nhieu trong nha tu cua My.

Khong phai la tat ca nhung nguoi lon len o My deu co the lan luot anh huong cua tap the, cung nhu khong phai trong the gioi cong san tat ca con nguoi deu bi anh huong cua tap the de bep.  Tren thuc te bao gio cung co nhung ngoai le.  Van de hien nay la phai quan binh giua hai thu anh huong.  Hoac neu co su khac biet, thi su khac biet nay cung khong den noi qua lon.

*****Su ngu xuan cua tri tue

"Where did I get it from?  Was it by reason that I attained to the knowledge that I must love my neighbor, and not throttle him?  I was told that in my childhood, and I joyfully accepted it because they told me what was already in my soul.  And who discovered it?  Not reason.  Reason discovered the struggle for existence and the law that I must throttle all those who stand in the way of the satisfaction of my desires.  This is the deduction of reason.  But loving one's fellow men reason could never discover because that is unreasonable."

"Yes, pride,...and not only the pride of intellect, but the stupidity of intellect.  And, above all, the dishonesty, yes, the dishonesty of intellect.  Yes.  indeed, the dishonesty and trickery of intellect," he repeated.

Leo Tolstoy. Anna Karenina

"Co phai ly tri da chung minh cho minh thay rang phai thuong yeu dong loai, va khong nen ap buc ho? Nguoi ta da noi cho minh biet dieu do tu luc con tho au, va minh vui suong tin theo vi nguoi ta da dien dat gium   minh dieu da co san trong tam hon.  Nhung ai vach cho ta thay ro dieu do?  Khong phai la ly tri.  Ly tri vach cho ta thay cuoc canh tranh sinh ton va cai qui luat phai ap buc tat ca nhung ai can tro su thoa man duc vong cua ta.  Cai do la su suy dien cua tri tue.  Ly tri khong day ta yeu thuong dong loai vi lam nhu the la nguoc lai ban chat cua ly tri."

"Phai, do la su kieu ngao,....khong nhung chi la su kieu ngao cua tri tue ma con la su ngu xuan cua tri tue va nhat la....su doi tra cua tri tue., khong con chu nao khac nua....su lua loc cua tri tue."

***Su le do

In this selfish world, a host of people will tell you that one does not get to the top through fine feelings, that too much regard of ethical considerations are handicap in a career. You will see men, ill-bred, ill-educated or incapable of sizing up the future, snubbing someone of small account, behaving discourteously to an old woman, refusing to spend a moment's boredom with some kindly old man, on the pretext that such folk cannot be of any use to them. 

Later on, you will see these men caught by thorns which they omitted to blunt and missing success on account of a trifle;  whereas the man broken in at an early age to this concept of social obligation will meet with no obstacles.  He may get there less quickly but his success will be stable and will endure when that of others crumbles.

Good manners consist in appearing to forget oneself for other's sake. With many people they are a social grimace which is believed as soon as self-interest, too thwarted, peeps out from behind it.  The rich and powerful become ignoble then.  True courtesy implies a religious mind.  It is like the flower of charity and consists in true forgetfulness of  self.

 

                                                                            (revised from the idea of Balzac, Lily  of the valley)

Trong cai cuoc doi ich ky nay, nhieu nguoi se bao ban rang nguoi ta khong tien than bang tinh cam, rang nhung suy nghi ve luan ly va dao duc qua ton nghiem, lam cham tre buoc tien cua ho.  Ban se thay nhung con nguoi khong co giao duc, khong biet cach song hay khong co kha nang nhin thay tuong lai, lam mech long mot nguoi thap kem, pham mot dieu vo le doi voi mot ba gia, khong chiu nhan nai mot lat vui voi mot ong gia, voi ly do la nhung nguoi ay khong co ich loi gi cho ho.

Sau nay ban se thay nhung con nguoi do mac vao nhung cai gai ma khong phai ho vot nhon, va bo lo mat co nghiep chi vi mot ly do nho be.  Trai lai con nguoi da som dan day voi cai ly thuyet ve bon phan se khong gap tro ngai gi, co the la ho se tien toi khong mau le bang, nhung co nghiep cua ho vung chac va ton tai mai trong khi co nghiep cua ke khac thi do sup.

Su le do chinh la su quen minh vi moi nguoi, o nhieu nguoi cai le do ay chi la mot cai bo dieu xa hoi, no se mat ngay khi loi ich rieng bi va cham va roi de loi duoi ra, luc ay mot nha quy toc se tro nen tho bi, dang khinh.  Su le do chan chinh chua dung ben trong mot tu tuong ton giao va la mot su quen minh thuc su.

(phong dich tu Vu Dinh Lien)

 

Phuc loi

Laws are not all written in a book, human behavior creates laws too, and the most important of them are the least well known;  there are neither teachers, nor treatises, nor schools for this law, which govern your deeds, your speech, the outward circumstances of your life and the way you show your self to the world or set about making your fortune.  To break these hidden laws is to remain at the bottom of the social order instead of towering above it.

To explain society in terms of personal happiness, cleverly grasped at the expense of everybody else is a fatal doctrine, the grim deductions of which lead man to believe that everything he can obtain, on the quiet, without the law, society or the individual being aware of any felony, is well and rightfully won.  According to this charter, the nimble thief is blameless, the woman who fails in her wifely duty unbeknownst to anyone is virtuous and happy.  Kill a man without the law's having one single shred of proof of it, and if by so doing you win some diadem, Macbeth-fashion, you have acted well.   Self-interest becomes the supreme law;  the whole problem becomes a mere matter of turning aside, without witnesses or evidence, the hurdles which law and custom set between you and your gratification.

For a man who views society like this, the problem of making a fortune reduces itself to a gamble in which the stakes are a million or a prison sentence, political eminence or dishonor.  Then again, the green baize will not accommodate all those who want to play and it takes the forcefulness of genius to plan a winning throw.

If you share my horror of this criminal theory, society can only be explained in your eyes as it explains itself to all sane minds, by the concept of duty.  Yes, you owe a duty to one another in a hundred different ways.  In my opinion a peer of the realm owes a greater duty to the poor man or the artisan than does the artisan or the poor man to the peer. Obligations increase in proportion to the benefits which society bestows on man, following the principle, as true in politics as it is in business, that the weight of care is always proportionate to the size of the profit.  Each discharges his debt in his own way.  When our poor laborer comes home to bed, weary from his toil, do you think he has not fulfilled his obligations?  He has most certainly met them better than many highly placed people have theirs.

    (revised from the idea of Balzac, Lily   of the valley)

Luat phap khong phai tat ca deu duoc ghi chep trong mot bo sach, phong tuc cung rut ra luat phap, nhung luat phap quan trong nhat lai duoc nguoi ta biet den it nhat.   Khong co giao su nao, khong co truong hoc nao, khong co bo luat nao de chi nhung luat ay no chi phoi hanh dong cua ban, nhung loi noi cua ban, cuoc song be ngoai cua ban, cai cach thuc ban ra mat xa hoi hay la tiep xua voi so phan.  Khong ap dung dung nhung cai dieu luat  bi an ay, thi la nam chim duoi day xa hoi chu khong phai la dung tren ma chi pho cai xa hoi ay.

Giai thich xa hoi voi cai thuyet cua hanh phuc ca nhan gianh mot cach kheo leo hai den loi ich chung cua moi nguoi la mot thu chu nghia nguy hai, ma nhung suy luan den cung se dan con nguoi den cho tin rang tat ca cai gi minh gianh duoc la cua minh, bat ke luat phap va xa hoi co hay biet den su thiet hai cua nguoi khac hay khong. Theo hien chuong ay, thang an cap khon kheo se khong co toi, nguoi phu nu khong lam bon phan cua minh ma khong ai biet gi thi van sung suong thao hien, giet nguoi ma luat phap khong hay biet la hanh dong dung.  Loi ich rieng cua ban se la luat toi cao, van de la lam the nao ma tranh duoc khong co nguoi chung kien, khong co chung co gi. Nhung cai tro ngai   ma phong tuc va luat phap da chan giua ban va nhung nhu cau thoa man cua ban.

Doi voi con nguoi nhin xa hoi nhu vay, cai van de xay dung mot co nghiep, chi con la choi mot canh bac, ma cai danh cuoc la mot trieu hay nha tu kho sai.  Mot cai vi tri chinh tri hay la su o nhuc. Them nua, cai tham xanh cua bai bac khong co du cho cho tat ca nhung con bac, va ban cung phai co mot cai tai nang va nghi luc de bo tri cuoc choi.;

Neu ban cung chia cai ghe tom cua toi doi voi cai ly thuyet ay cua bon toi pham, thi xa hoi chi co the giai thich truoc mat ban nhu la truoc nhung tri oc lanh manh, voi cai ly thuyet ve nhung bon phan.  Phai, nguoi no co bon phan voi nguoi kia, duoi tram nghin hinh thuc khac nhau.  Ong cong tuoc no nguoi tho, no nguoi nong dan, no nguoi ngheo cung bang nhu nguoi nguoi ngheo, nguoi nong dan no ong cong tuoc.    Khi loi ich ma xa hoi  danh cho moi nguoi tang, thi trach nhiem cung tang theo. Cai nguyen ly ay dung ve mat buon ban cung nhu ve mat chinh tri, va loi loc cang nhieu thi lo lang cang nang.  Moi nguoi tra mon no cua minh theo cach rieng cua minh.  Khi nguoi nong dan ngheo ve nghi sau buoi dong ang  met moi, ban co nghi rang nguoi ay da lam tron nhung bon phan cua minh?   Chac chan la con nguoi ay da lam tron nhung nhiem vu cua minh hon ca nhieu nguoi co vi tri cao quy hon ho.

(phong dich tu Vu Dinh Lien)

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Since 07-14-99