Moi mot nuoc Cong San deu ca tung mot vi nhan gia hieu, mot ten do te doi lot nha tu de bip dan: Lenin, Stalin, Mao, Ponpot, Ho Chi Minh...Giong nhu bon Quoc Xa  ca tung Hitler.

Bon do te, dao duc gia nay chi can vai phut suy nghi cho mot quyet dinh giet nguoi hang loat.  Chung khong bao gio phan van, tu hoi hanh dong cua chung dung hay sai.  Chung co chung mot dac diem la khong bao gio chap nhan nhung y kien, tu tuong khac voi hoc thuyet cua chung. 

Chung rat can con nit, tre tho, nhung nguoi de lua bip, va nhung ke benh hoan nhu Tran Truong de truyen ba cai thien dang tuong tuong va long yeu nuoc ghe tom cua chung.

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1. Duoi che do cong san, ban se phai di hop hang tuan, di lao dong, ca ngoi lanh tu giong nhu dam tre thoi Hitler cho den khi nao ban khong con thay lanh tu la nguoi nua ma la thanh song, khong co mot chu khuyet diem nao.

2. Cong an phuong khom co the vao nha ban bat cu luc nao  khong can phai co su dong y cua quan toa.  Ban co biet cong an phuong Cau Kieu Tan Dinh, nhot mot co be gai, ham hiep va sau do bi su nhu the nao khong?

3. Ban co biet rang, khong phai chi co hai tac la ham hiep nguoi vuot bien,  ma con ca nhung cong an bien phong, cong an tinh, huyen, xa nua?  Dien hinh la cong an Ba Ria.

4. Tai san cua ban co 5000 dong, nhung cong san doi tien va gioi han, chi cho ban doi 3000 dong. Ai an cuop 2000 dong cua ban?  Ban se bi ep buoc phai mua tin dung.  Va neu ngan hang Viet cong in them tien nhu nhung nam truoc 1990, 3000 dong cua ban chi con phan nua gia tri thuc cua no, ai an cuop phan con lai? 

5. Cong san can nhung dang vien duoc nhoi so tu luc con be. Chac chan la vo chong Tran Truong co van lay, va lam nhung chuyen vo nhan de tro thanh dang vien cung se khong duoc tin dung bang may ten nong dan theo dang tu luc be.

6. Con ban se di vao nha tre tu nam 4 tuoi, chung se phai hat nhung bai ca tung dang, ca tung Ho chi Minh, bi nhoi so tung gio tung khac, tren TV cung nhu luc chung choi dua cung chung ban.  Hau qua nhu ban da thay, khi chung lon len vuot bien qua My, chung no van bi am anh la Ho Chi Minh la vi dai, cong san la tot. Ban co biet nguoi ta huan luyen  thu vat trong cac dam xiec nhu the nao khong?  Ban hay xem nhung ten can bo nong cot da bi huan luyen nhu the nao?

7. Ban co biet la Dang va gia Ho tin rang chung yeu thuong con cua ban hon ban yeu thuong chung khong? Chung biet cach giao duc con ban hon ban?  Boi the chung danh quyen day do, giao duc, lo lang cho cuoc song cua con ban. 
   
   Chung khong biet rang:  Nhung buc thay vi dai, duy nhat khong ai thay the duoc, duoc Thuong De ban cho mot kha nang tu nhien, khong can phai hoc hoi qua bat ky mot truong lop nao:  Do la nhung nguoi Cha nguoi Me ruot thit da sinh ra chung ta.   
   
   Va bay gio chung ta tiep tuc va tu nguyen danh cho con cai chung ta nhung san soc do nhu mot dieu tu nhien, khong can phai co mot nguyen nhan,  mot phan thuong nao xui khien.  Nhung dua be tan tat, ngu dot, pha phach nhat lai la nhung dua chung ta phai san soc nhieu nhat.   Khi lam cai viec hanh phuc, sung suong nay chung ta hieu duoc long thuong yeu cua Cha Me cua To Tien da cho chung ta.
   
   Chi co  Ho Chi Minh, To Huu, tay sai, lu hoc tro, bon benh hoan, va dan em moi co the thot len "Ong Stalin oi Ong Stalin oi! Yeu Cha yeu mot, yeu ong yeu muoi"
   
   Chi co nhung ke nong can, ngu xuan, kieu ngao, gioi ky thuat ma that hoc trong cach lam nguoi, moi tin rang minh co cach day con cai nguoi khac yeu thuong tot hon cha me chung day chung.  Mot lan nua, toi muon lap   lai, cai chuyen day tre nay no giong nhu chuyen nhung nguoi My trong nhung nam 1970 tin rang ho hieu nguoi Viet hon nguoi Viet.

"Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of system of thought.  A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.  For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others.  It does not allow that the sacrifices imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many.  Therefore in a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests.   The only thing that permits us to acquiesce in an erroneous theory is the lack of a better one; analogously, an injustice is tolerable only when it is necessary to avoid an even greater injustice.  Being first virtues of human activities, truth and justice are uncompromising....

.....In justice as fairness the original position of equality corresponds to the state of nature in the traditional theory of the social contract.  This original position is not, of course, thought of as an actual historical state of affairs, much less as a primitive condition of culture.  It is understood as a purely hypothetical situation characterized so as to lead to a certain conception of justice.  Among the essential features of this situation is that no one knows his place in society, his class position or social status, nor does any one know his fortune in the distribution of natural assets and abilities, his intelligence, strength, and the like.  I shall even assume that the parties do not know their conceptions of the good or their special psychological propensities.  This ensures that no one is advantaged or disadvantaged in the choice of principles by the outcome of natural chance or the contingency of social circumstances.   Since all are similarly situated and no one is able to design principles to favor his particular condition, the principles of justice are the result of a fair agreement or bargain.

 

 

(Sau day khong phai la phan dich thuat, ma la dieu nguoi viet suy luan tu ly thuyet cua Rawls)

Theo John Rawls thi se khong bao gio co cong ly tuyet doi. Nguoi giau se lam luat co loi cho nguoi giau va nguoi ngheo se lam luat co loi cho nguoi ngheo.  Dan ong se lam ra luat phap co loi cho dan ong va dan ba se lam luat co loi cho dan ba.  Nguoi My lam luat co loi cho nguoi My, va nguoi Viet lam luat co loi cho nguoi Viet.  Nguoi da trang lam luat co loi cho nguoi da trang va da den lam luat co loi cho nguoi da den.

Chi co cong ly tuyet doi khi luat phap duoc lam ra truoc khi moi nguoi chao doi.  Co nghia la truoc khi sanh ra, khong ai biet la minh se la dan ong hay dan ba, da trang hay da den, giau hay ngheo,...,va neu luc do moi nguoi cung dong y mot hien phap, cung lam ra luat phap, thi luat phap ay moi that su cong bang.   Rawls goi do la "behind the veil of ignorance". 

Boi vi moi nguoi so rang minh sinh ra la ke ngu dot, tan tat, yeu duoi, cho nen se yeu cau co mot dieu khoan trong bo luat tuong lai den bu cho su khong may man nay.  Nguoc lai, moi nguoi cung hi vong minh duoc sinh ra day du suc khoe, thong minh hon nguoi, giau co, va co nhieu ke ganh ghet muon ham hai, cho nen chac chan ai cung muon luat phap tuong lai phai bao dam khong co su ham hai vi ganh ti, va nguoi thanh cong san sang tra lai nguoi kem may man phan no cua minh.

Co the noi rang, chung ta bi Thuong De day vao cuoc song ma khong biet truoc minh se ra sao, minh se la nguoi da trang, da den, hay da vang,  minh se la nguoi nhu the nao, Thuong De khong can den su dong y cua chung ta.  Thuong De khong cho chung ta chon lua, cho nen chung ta cung se chang co trach nhiem gi ve nhung hanh dong cua chung ta.  Doi voi nhung nguoi bat hanh, kem may man, tan tat bam sinh, ngu dot  la mot su bat cong ngoai su mong uoc cua chinh ho.  Bat cong tiem an trong cuoc song ngay tu luc chunh ta duoc sinh ra. (Nguoi viet thay hien phap My cho rang MOI NGUOI SINH RA DEU BINH DANG co cai gi khong on? can phai xem lai? chi co Ho Chi Minh la thay hay va an cap cau ay cho Hien Phap cua Viet Cong)

Boi vi co su bat cong ngay tu khi chua chao doi, cho nen xa hoi tro nen xao dong, khong on dinh. Muon xa hoi on dinh chung ta can tao ra mot luat phap tuong doi it bat cong nhat.  Neu nhu chung ta lam luat truoc khi sanh ra, chac chan chung phai co dieu khoang de phong truong hop chung ta se thanh nhung nguoi khong may man, yeu duoi, de bi hiep dap. Nhu vay mot luat phap it bat cong phai bao gom viec den bu cho nhung nguoi kem may man nhu mot bon phan.

Den bu la mot bon phan, khong phai la mot thu thi an hay bo thi. Bon phan khac voi tinh cam. Lam bon phan khong phai la lam dieu chung ta thich lam.   Neu chung ta khong lam tron bon phan chung ta se phai tra mot cai gia dat hon.  Con chau chung ta se hung chiu nhung hau qua do su tron tranh bon phan cua chung ta.

Chu nghia cong san chu truong chia se dong deu, khong co nguoi giau ke ngheo, lam theo kha nang, va huong theo nhu cau.  Nhung cach do giet chet long phan dau cua con nguoi, giet chet su tranh dua can thiet cho phat trien, giet chet su khuyen khich va long hang hai tu nhien.  Do la ly do tai sao duoi che do cong san, con nguoi song nhu mot loai sinh vat an bam va khong sang kien den noi hon mot nua the ky thuc nghiem khong mot nuoc cong san chinh thong nao co the thoat ra vong ngheo doi va lac hau. 

Chu nghia cong san lam tang them su bat cong trong xa hoi va phan lai quy luat tu nhien cua tao hoa.  Duoi che do cong san anh huong cua tap the de bep anh huong cua ca nhan.  Muon tien than trong the gioi cong san, dieu truoc tien la long trung thanh.  Dot nat cung duoc, mien trung thanh la tot, la co co hoi thang tien.   Cang biet cach ca ngoi dang va chu nghia, cang cuong tin phuc vu khong thac mac, cang co hi vong tro thanh can bo chu chot. 

Chu nghia cong san tao ra nhung ten can bo thien can, mot chieu, gia doi voi chinh ho, loai nguoi so suc manh cua tap the khong dam chong lai, chap ne hinh thuc, so bi chi trich phe binh, be ngoai gia vo dao duc, nhung ben trong san sang lam nhung chuyen bi oi, mo am khong the luong truoc duoc.  Loai can bo nay san sang hi sinh gia dinh, cha me, vo con, ban huu cho Dang va Ho de duoc thang tien.    Ban co biet To Huu viet tho ca ngoi Stalin nhu the nao khong?

For given the circumstances of the original position, the symmetry of everyone's relations to each other, this initial situation is fair between individuals as moral persons, that is, as rational beings with their own ends and capable, I shall assume, of a sense of justice. The original position is, one might say, the appropriate initial status quo, and thus the fundamental agreements reached in it are fair.

 

Ngay ca khi nhung nguoi cong san biet la ho sai, ho cung khong du can dam tu bo  cai chu nghia nguy hai cua ho. Ho bi chu nghia sai khien, bi cai bo may do ong to Marx Ho tao ra dieu khien.  Can bo cong san tu nhoi so ho va nhoi so tat ca nhung the he di sau.  Ho khong bao gio tu hoi chu thuyet cong san co thuc su can thiet hay co hai. Va neu Marx Ho co con song thi Marx Ho cung chang the nao lam khac hon la lam no le cho cai ly thuyet do chinh ho tao ra. Chi co nhung ke ngay tho moi mo tuong la neu Marx Ho con song,  moi viec se khac han voi hien tai.  

Tuy nhien chung ta phai cong nhan rang doi khi suc manh cua truyen thong dan toc, long biet on doi voi to tien, va y thuc ve bon phan cua minh doi voi the he con chau, co the lam thuc tinh dan dan nhung u me ngoai lai nay.  Day la dieu hi vong cua chung ta de danh bai cong san ma khong lam cho dan Viet phai do them mau mot lan nua.

I shall maintain instead that the persons in the initial situation would choose two rather different principles: the first requires equality in the assignment of basic rights and duties, while the second holds that social and economic inequalities, for example inequalities of wealth and authority, are just only if they result in compensating benefits for everyone, and in particular for the least advantaged members of society...."

Rawls chu truong moi nguoi chi co the binh dang khi ke yeu duoi, kem may man duoc luat phap bao ve nhieu hon ke manh, nguoi bat hanh phai duoc den bu boi nhung nguoi may man.  Chac chan la ban khong bao gio muon sanh ra da bi dui mu, di dang, ngu dot, tan tat va bi ke manh, thong minh, giau co vui dap?   Chac chan la ban khong thich nhung ke loi dung su may man cua ho de ap buc ke bat hanh?

Noi mot cach vo tu, (hay tuong tuong truoc khi duoc sinh ra) tat ca nhung ke may man deu no nhung nguoi khong may. Nhung nguoi thong minh no nhung nguoi dan don.  Nhung nguoi giau no nhung ke ngheo.

Tom lai nhung nguoi bat hanh va nguoi ngheo phai duoc tro giup bao ve, chang han nhu nhung chuong trinh tro cap (welfare) de bu dap nhung bat cong da xay ra cho ho.  (Den day co le  ban se co mot  nhin khac ve chuong trinh welfare? Nhung hay suy nghi them ve ban an tu hinh, mot thu ap buc cua ke may man?)

Bay gio hay ap dung nhung suy nghi can ban tren vao viec hang ngay:

**Trong nhung cuoc bau cu nguoi dai dien tai My, co nhung nguoi tin rang nhung nguoi My se tranh dau cho quyen loi cua nguoi Viet hon cho cac sac dan khac? 

**Doi hoi Cong San phai tra lai phan dat Tu Do cho nhung nguoi Tu Do va Cong San phai tro ve phan dat cua ho la hop ly.  Boi vi nhung nguoi Tu Do khong co mot manh dat nao that su la cua ho, ngoai tru chinh que huong cua ho. Nhu ong cha ta da nhan nhu: "Ta ve ta tam ao ta, du trong du duc ao nha van hon."

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